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Experts break record for smallest, tightest knot at 54 atoms
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An international team of researchers has managed to create the tiniest, tightest molecular knot to date.
In a new study, the researchers reported their feat of creating a self-assembling "trefoil metallaknot" made up of 54 atoms, comprising gold, carbon, and phosphorus.
This complicated knot creates a complete loop known as a trefoil, with no loose ends.
Chemists from the Chinese Academy of Sciences' Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics collaborated with a colleague from the University of Western Ontario to make this feat.
It was created by accident while attempting to create metal acetylides in their lab.
According to reports, this breakthrough may qualify them for a Guinness World Record.
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The knot's formula
The study mentions the knot’s formulaic description as [Au6{ 1,2-C6H4(OCH2CC)2}3{ Ph2P(CH2)4PPh2}3].
In short, it is referred to as Au6, which denotes the six gold atoms comprising the knot.
The team gauged the tightness of this molecular knot at the atomic level based on the key metric called backbone crossing ratio (BCR). A smaller BCR suggests a tighter knot.
The study describes it as the “minimum number of crossings when the reduced form of the structure is projected onto a two-dimensional surface.”
The knot has a low BCR of only 18
As per Gizmodo, this newly crafted knot outshines the 2020 Guinness record.
In the 2020 accomplishment, a separate team successfully built a knot with 69 atoms and a BCR of 23. In comparison, the current knot exhibits an impressively low BCR of only 18.
As reported by ScienceAlert, the knot is approaching the theoretical threshold for knot length. Earlier research indicated that the smallest trefoil knot should ideally consist of "at least 50" atoms.
The implications of this breakthrough extend beyond the realm of record-breaking feats, showcasing advancements in nanoscience and molecular manipulation. The researchers' meticulous work opens doors to new possibilities in material science and nanotechnology.
The realm of noteworthy knots extends beyond the molecular scale.
The fascination with knots spans various dimensions — from the largest human knot involving 123 people in 2019 to a colossal Chinese knot crafted by a kindergarten class, measuring over 130 feet tall and 136 feet across.
The results were published in the journal Nature Communications.
Study abstract:
Molecular knots, whose synthesis presents many challenges, can play important roles in protein structure and function as well as in useful molecular materials, whose properties depend on the size of the knotted structure. Here we report the synthesis by self-assembly of molecular trefoil metallaknot with formula [Au6{ 1,2-C6H4(OCH2CC)2}3{ Ph2P(CH2)4PPh2}3], Au6, from three units of each of the components 1,2-C6H4(OCH2CCAu)2 and Ph2P(CH2)4PPh2. Structure determination by X-ray diffraction revealed that the chiral trefoil knot contains only 54 atoms in the backbone, so that Au6 is the smallest and tightest molecular trefoil knot known to date.
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