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China’s satellite achieves 10 Gbps space
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ChineseChang GuangSatellite Technology (CGST) has successfully transmitted remote sensing images by laser from a Jilin-1satellite to a vehicle-mounted ground station, the South China Morning Post (SCMP)reports. Sent at around 10 Gigabits per second (Gbps), the test is being hailed as an essential step towards potential commercial applications. The configuration of the ground station (including information like aperture or pointing accuracy) has not been publically released, nor has information on the vehicle it was mounted on.
Space laser data
CGST, reports SCMP, is a Jilin-based Chinese company that manages the world's largest imaging satellite constellation. CGST was established in 2014 as an offshoot of the Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics, and Physics from the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). The company has been primarily focused on developing and operating four generations of Jilin-1 remote-sensing satellites. These satellites mainly deliver panchromatic images with a resolution between 1.6 feet (0.5 meters) and 2.5 feet (0.75 meters).
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During the test, Jilin-1 MF02A04, one of the company's 108 satellites orbiting the Earth, sent remote sensing images to an optical telescope mounted on a vehicle at high speed. This satellite was launched into orbit in December 2022. The transmission was completed successfully and was a significant technological achievement for the company. According to SCMP, the company's transportable vehicle-mounted ground station is compact, high-bandwidth, and can be deployed anywhere to avoid weather and better support satellite-to-ground laser communications.
“The data rate in this test reached 10 gigabytes per second, which is more than ten times higher than that of the radio-frequency links traditionally used for satellite communication,” explained Wang Xingxing, technical director of CGST’s laser communications ground station unit. “In the future, Chang Guang Satellite plans to expand the bandwidth to 40-100Gbps, and use such ground stations at various locations across the country to substantially boost its image-acquisition efficiency,” he added.
This recent test follows another similar one conducted in June using the same satellite, reported SCMP. CGST collaborated with the CAS Aerospace Information Research Institute during that test, which marked the first of its kind for commercial application in China, according to the company.
As CGST improved the resolution of its Jilin satellites over time, they have continuously increased the number of them in orbit. This increased the amount of data they were generating, which, according to SCMP, began to pose a significant technical challenge for CGST to manage.
So, to help cope, the company turned to lasers to see if that could help them. While radio and optical communications use electromagnetic waves to transmit data, laser light packs the data into much tighter waves, allowing ground stations to receive more data simultaneously.
Speed of light data
“For the amount of data which takes radio waves 10 minutes to transmit, laser waves can collect it in just about 15 seconds,” Xu Lu, deputy general manager of Beijing RongweiTechnology, a company that developed the in-orbit laser terminal for CGST, told Chinese media in June. CGST plans to expand the Jilin-1 constellation to 300 satellites in low-Earth orbit (LEO( by 2025.
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