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iMRSIV: Scientists create cute miniature VR goggles for mice
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Researchers at Northwestern University have created miniature virtual reality (VR) goggles for mice, which, except for being cute, offer an immersive experience for studying neural circuitry and behavior in laboratory settings.
Called iMRSIV (Miniature Rodent Stereo Illumination VR), these compact goggles use custom lenses and miniature OLED displays. Unlike human VR goggles, iMRSIV, with separate lenses and screens for each eye, doesn't wrap around the mouse's head but is attached directly in front.
The design allows for a 180-degree view of the field
The new VR goggles don't have any gaping holes, allowing the mice's vision not to be distracted.
"That's been missing for mice," said Daniel Dombeck, the study's senior author, in a press release.
See Also Related- Can VR be an Empathy Engine?
The other disadvantages the researchers have addressed is the previous screens' flat nature, which could not convey three-dimensional depth. Also, mounting screens above the mice's heads was a challenge.
Dombeck explained the experience of a flat screen for humans: "For humans, this is like watching a TV in your living room. You still see your couch and your walls. There are cues around you telling you that you aren't inside the scene."
The innovation allows researchers to more accurately explore visual stimuli's impact on mice behavior in a controlled environment.
"VR basically reproduces real environments," said Dombeck. "We've had a lot of success with this VR system, but it's possible the animals aren't as immersed as they would be in a real environment. It takes a lot of training just to get the mice to pay attention to the screens and ignore the lab around them."
A first for a VR system to simulate overhead threat
The new VR goggles also enable the mice to understand and acknowledge looming threats like birds or prey.
"The top of a mouse's field of view is very sensitive to detect predators from above, like a bird," said Dom Pinke, the study's co-first author. "It's not a learned behavior; it's an imprinted behavior. It's wired inside the mouse's brain."
The researchers created a looming threat in the virtual environment by projecting a dark, expanding disk into the top of the iMRSIV goggles, aligning with the top of the mice's field of view.
In response to this simulated overhead threat, the mice exhibited common behaviors of running faster or freezing.
To study real-time brain activity in animals engaging with the virtual world, the mice were made to navigate virtual scenes projected onto screens while they were on a treadmill.
This allowed the researchers to observe and map brain activity as animals traverse the virtual space, providing insights into how neural circuits perceived information during different behaviors.
"In the future, we'd like to look at situations where the mouse isn't prey but is the predator," said John Issa, the study's co-first author. "We could watch brain activity while it chases a fly, for example. That activity involves a lot of depth perception and estimating distances. Those are things that we can start to capture."
The study was published in the journal Neuron.
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