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ISRO to revive Vikram lander, Pragyan rover after cold lunar night
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Scientists at the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) are poised to create history again as they look to revive the lander and rover sent to the Moon after a long lunar night, the Hindustan Timesreported.
On August 23, India became the first nation in the world to successfully land a spacecraft in the southern polar region of the Moon. The mission dubbed Chandrayaan-3 consists of a lunar lander called Vikram and a rover Pragyan, which was also successfully rolled out a few hours after the historic landing.
Both the instruments performed satisfactorily on this mission, collecting essential data about the southern polar region. A previous Indian orbiter mission in 2008 had detected the presence of water ice, sparking a race between nations to set up a human base on the natural satellite.
See Also Related- Chandrayaan-3 adds finding sulfur to its list of Moon firsts
- India's moon mission is a low-cost success story, here's why
- ISRO's Chandrayaan-3 confronts cold lunar odds, here's why
Waking up the rover, the lander
The Chandrayaan-3 mission was initially planned to last one lunar day, equivalent to 14 days on Earth. The landing point of Vikram has been dubbed Shivshakti Point by ISRO, and the rover spent the next few Earth days carrying out multiple experiments using its onboard sensors.
Knowing that the Sun would set at Shivshakti point on September 4, the scientists began a phased shutdown of the two devices on September 2. The mission had already completed its objectives, but a revival at the next sunrise gives the researchers a bonus attempt to conduct more experiments on the lunar surface.
To maximize their chances, the scientists carried out three critical steps. I am recharging the onboard batteries completely and orienting the solar panels. Hence, they receive light as soon as the Sun rises, leaving the receiver on so the devices can be contacted again.
... ... and here is how the Chandrayaan-3 Rover ramped down from the Lander to the Lunar surface. pic.twitter.com/nEU8s1At0W
— ISRO (@isro) August 25, 2023
Hopeful not confident
On Thursday (September 21), as the Sun rises again on the south pole of the Moon, the team at ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC) will begin entering commands, which, if the instruments receive, will help them wake up from the 14-day slumber and ready to continue the mission for another 14 days.
This might sound like an easy feat for a space agency that has created a record, but the frigid temperatures during lunar nights stand in the way. Night temperatures on the Moon regularly dip to -328 Fahrenheit (-200 degrees Celsius). Near the lunar poles, these reach -418 Fahrenheit (-250 degrees Celsius).
For the rover and lander to successfully revive, their onboard instruments must survive these horrible temperatures. Previous missions, such as China's Chang'e 4 lander and rover, survived around -310 Fahrenheit (-190 degrees Celsius) but were equipped with radioisotope heating units (RHU).
A RHU is a radioactive device that decays heavy elements like Plutonium-238 to provide heat to instruments and help them keep warm, even if the ambient temperatures fall. Neither the rover nor the lander were equipped with RHUs, making ISRO more hopeful than confident that the instruments would awaken again.
ISRO chairman S Somnath hopes to achieve this feat on Friday, September 22.
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