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Scientists create water spitting flying dragon robot to fight fires
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Researchers in Japan have developed a novel type of robotic entity that could potentially join firefighting teams globally.
Designed in the likeness of "flying dragons," these robots are created to tackle fires considered too hazardous for human firefighters to confront. The design plans for the aerial firefighting hose robot, named the Dragon Firefighter, have been officially released in the journal Frontiers in Robotics and AI.
The team has also published the technology as Open Science, the blueprints are now accessible for roboticists worldwide, enabling them to freely utilize the plans to construct their own Dragon Firefighters for the collective benefit.
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Advanced design
Commencing their endeavors in 2016, a group of researchers from Professor Satoshi Tadokoro's lab at Tohoku University initiated the development of similar flying robots. Throughout the preliminary and ongoing stages of development, the team collaborated with Japanese firefighting professionals to gain insights into their specific requirements, according to researchers.
“We here present a prototype of a four-meter-long, remotely controllable flying firehose robot, engineered to safely and efficiently extinguish fires in buildings by directly approaching the fire sources,” said Dr Yuichi Ambe, joint corresponding author and an assistant professor at Osaka University, in a statement.
Propelled at an elevation of two meters above ground level, the firehose of the Dragon Firefighter relies on the force generated by eight adjustable water jets situated at its central and head regions. The nozzle's configuration is flexible, allowing it to adapt and align with the direction of the flames, guided by a control unit situated on a wheeled cart positioned at the rear. This cart is linked to a fire truck equipped with a substantial 14,000-liter water reservoir through a supply tube.
Functioning at a rate of 6.6 liters per second, the nozzles expel water with a pressure reaching up to one megapascal. At the tip of the hose, a combination of a traditional camera and a thermal imaging camera is integrated, facilitating the identification and location of the fire. This technological integration enhances the Dragon Firefighter's firefighting capabilities, according to the team.
Learning process
The inaugural testing of the system took place during the opening ceremony of the World Robot Summit 2020 (WRS2020), held in September 2021 in Fukushima. Dragon Firefighter "successfully extinguished [49 min 00 s to 51 min 00 s] the ceremonial flame, consisting of fireballs lit by another robot, at a distance of four meters," said a statement.
Researchers have continued to work on improving the design of the robot since receiving initial feedback from WRS2020. For instance, the research team discovered that the initial passive dampening mechanism, designed to mitigate oscillations in the Dragon Firefighter's body, proved impractical due to the extended preparation time required for flight.
Additionally, it was observed that the heat originating from fires could induce adverse plastic deformation in the corrugated tube, utilized for outdoor applications, housing both the water hose and electric cables.
The study also details other enhancements like "better waterproofing, a nozzle unit capable of handling a wider range of net forces, and an improved mechanism for channeling water flow. But further developments are in the pipeline," said a statement.
The team estimates that the deployment of robotic firefighting technology in actual firefighting scenarios will happen within the next decade. The foremost challenge lies in extending the robot's operational reach beyond 10 meters. Addressing this challenge and formulating effective firefighting strategies tailored to the unique capabilities of the robot will be pivotal aspects in its ongoing development, according to researchers.
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