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Energy efficient particle collider concept could revolutionize physics
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A particle collider, sometimes referred to as an atom smasher, is a type of high-energy physics apparatus used to investigate the fundamental particles and forces that exist in the cosmos. Subatomic particles, such as protons, electrons, or other charged particles, are accelerated to extremely high speeds and collide at extremely high energies in particle colliders.
Scientists use them to study the core components of matter and the fundamental forces of existence such as the nature of dark matter, the properties of quarks and leptons as well as the strong nuclear force, the weak nuclear force, and the electromagnetic force. Some of the world's most prominent particle colliders include the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN in Switzerland and the Tevatron Collider at Fermilab in the United States.
See Also Related- Scientists at CERN devise an even more powerful particle accelerator than LHC
- Meet the Large Hadron Collider, the world's most powerful atom-smasher
- This particle accelerator is 54 million times shorter than one at CERN
Very energy-intensive
As useful as these scientific instruments are, they are also very energy-intensive. Particle colliders are designed to reach specific energy levels for their experiments. The higher the energy, the greater the potential for discovering new particles and probing the fundamental forces of nature.
The energy needed to accelerate particles to their target energies is the primary source of power consumption in a particle collider. Strong electromagnets and radiofrequency cavities are used in this procedure, and they require constant electrical power to keep the acceleration going.
Now, researchers from the Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University have introduced a novel concept for a future Higgs particle collider that would be energy efficient. The proposal is called the Cool Copper Collider (C3).
With a novel design that incorporates more precisely tailored electromagnetic fields fed into the accelerator at more places and a new cryogenic cooling system, C3 seeks to address the length-versus-energy limits of typical linear accelerators.
"When discussing big science, it's mandatory now to think not only in terms of financial costs, but also environmental impact," said Caterina Vernieri, an assistant professor at SLAC and one of the co-authors of the new research.
Minute modifications
The SLAC and Stanford team discovered that minute modifications, such as altering the particle beam's shape and enhancing the performance of klystrons—which provide the electromagnetic fields that propel the beam—might be successful in making C3 energy efficient. When combined, these enhancements have the capacity to reduce C3's power requirements from approximately 150 megawatts to 77 megawatts.
Finally, the researchers talked about the possibility of constructing a solar farm to meet the accelerator's needs sustainably. The farm would be complemented by an energy storage system. This is not an entirely new concept as particle colliders are often located near sources of reliable and affordable electricity, and they have dedicated power infrastructure to meet their energy needs.
"It's so new as a field," Vernieri said of the team’s attempts to make the particle collider sustainable. "There is a whole new discussion at least posing the question of the carbon footprint of particle physics."
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