NASA's MOXIE instrument extracts double the expected oxygen in new test

"This was the riskiest run we've done," Hecht said, adding that the experiment could have damaged the sensitive MOXIE instrument. "This could have gone wrong," he added.

The latest experiment lasted 58 minutes, during which time MOXIE achieved a production rate of approximately 12 grams of oxygen per hour — roughly double what was expected.

"We rolled the dice a little bit. It was 'hold your breath and see what happens,'" Hecht explained.

How does NASA's MOXIE instrument work?

NASA's MOXIE instrument is a toaster-sized machine that was sent to Mars aboard NASA's Mars Perseverance rover, which touched down on the Red Planet's Jezero Crater on February 18, after a seven-month journey from Earth.

The instrument pumps Martian air into a reservoir where an electrochemical process removes an oxygen atom from each carbon dioxide molecule.

Once separated, oxygen ions are united again to create breathable oxygen, which MOXIE then analyzes to measure its purity and quantity. For the MOXIE experiment, the oxygen is then harmlessly released back into the Martian atmosphere.

The risk mentioned by Hecht comes from the fact that the solid carbon byproduct can build up inside the device, potentially bricking the machine.

MOXIE first drew oxygen from Mars' atmosphere in April 2021, only days after NASA also made history by flying the first off-world helicopter, called Ingenuity, which also flew aboard Perseverance.

Over the course of 2021, NASA went on to run a total of seven one-hour experiments. According to Space.com, funding for MOXIE is set to run out this year, meaning Hecht and his colleagues are now looking for new investment into the project.

There is still a lot we don't know about oxygen extraction on the Red Planet. As Hecht pointed out, "it's all about lifetime. We run an hour at a time. To do this in the future we will have to run for 10,000 hours."