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Researchers unveil wearable patch for enhanced robotic exoskeleton control
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Engineers from Korea and the United States have developed a wearable patch, which is slated to have the potential to further technologies related to human-machine interaction and healthcare.
Like a Band-Aid, the stretchable microneedle adhesive patch (SNAP) sticks to your skin and detects signals from muscles. In tests, people used it to control robotic exoskeletons better. These machines copy and improve the strength of human muscles and bones.
The collaborative study was led by Jianliang Xiao, an associate professor in the Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering at CU Boulder, and Jaewoong Jeong, an associate professor in the School of Electrical Engineering at Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST).
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The details of the team's research were published in the journal Science Advances.
Advanced microneedles
Existing microneedle electrodes lack the necessary elasticity and reliability for consistent skin interfacing, hindering long-term, high-quality electrophysiological (EP) sensing during body movement. This challenge prompted the introduction of SNAP, a stretchable microneedle adhesive patch. Researchers could develop a system with superior skin penetrability and a robust electromechanical skin interface, enabling prolonged and reliable EP monitoring across different skin conditions without time-consuming skin preparation.
SNAP comprises approximately 144 tiny needles of gold-coated silicon, each shorter than a hundredth of an inch. Despite their minuscule size, they effectively interface with the skin. Although needles may evoke discomfort, these microneedles penetrate only the skin's surface, bypassing pain receptors and ensuring comfort during prolonged wear. “People can wear these patches for a week, and we see hardly any skin irritation,” said Jeong in a statement.
The team highlights the constant electrical activity within the human body, akin to machines. While traditional gel electrodes monitor these electromyography (EMG) signals, they pose challenges such as drying up and shifting during movement, yielding unreliable data.
In their study, Xiao, Jeong, and the team aimed to create an EMG sensor mimicking bodily integration. Their SNAP devices, constructed from a stretchy polymer base, house stretchable serpentine wires made of ultrathin metal and built-in batteries. Remarkably resilient, these patches accurately captured EMG data, even during vigorous activities like treadmill running and squats, according to researchers.
Encouraging results
In their lab at KAIST, researchers conducted experiments to explore the potential applications of SNAP devices. Subjects were tasked with lifting heavy weights, aided by robotic backpacks providing lower back support. Some participants wore SNAP patches above their glute muscles. When these patches detected muscle flexion during lifting, they wirelessly signaled the robotic backpacks to assist, reducing muscle power usage by an average of 18 percent.
The findings reveal that SNAP significantly lowers skin contact impedance even when the skin is contaminated, improving comfort during movement. According to the study, it surpasses gel and flexible microneedle electrodes.
Researchers emphasized the ongoing research needed to integrate the patches with various exoskeleton machines before real-world implementation. Nonetheless, these advancements hint at a future where such technology could significantly improve daily tasks. As Xiao expressed, their ultimate goal is to enhance people's lives beyond the lab's confines.
The team anticipates that "SNAPs will bring a broad impact on applications that require reliable EP sensing, such as continuous health monitoring, neurological research, and wearable HMIs," according to the study.
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